The Direction of War and Strategy: Context and Adaptation from Archidamus to Airpower are valuable contemporary sources of practical examples and ideas for how civilian and military leaders, at all levels, work to harmonise policy, strategy, and operations.
President Putin made three foundational assumptions in launching his war against Ukraine that should have been correct but were not. First, Putin assumed the invasion of Ukraine would be a quick and easy fight. Second, he assumed the world would denounce the invasion but tacitly allow it. Third, Putin assumed the war would deter NATO expansion.
